193 papers
This register-based cross-sectional study in South Benin reveals that metronidazole is the second most prescribed antibiotic in primary care, with its usage significantly higher in private facilities and strongly associated with digestive, genitourinary, and skin symptoms, while being less common for fever, respiratory issues, or malaria.
This study establishes context-specific serological cutoff values for three key orthopoxvirus antigens (E8L, A35R, and B6R) using a Mesoscale Discovery platform to effectively distinguish Mpox survivors from individuals with other orthopoxvirus exposures or vaccination histories in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
This qualitative study across ten hospitals in Singapore, Nepal, and Thailand identifies structural deficiencies such as limited laboratory capabilities and weak guidelines, alongside clinician prioritization of short-term patient safety, as key drivers of broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse, highlighting the need for systemic improvements to support effective antimicrobial stewardship.
This study demonstrates that habitual short-range travel from low-prevalence inland villages to highly endemic Lake Victoria sustains *Schistosoma mansoni* transmission in Uganda, indicating that achieving transmission interruption requires integrated control strategies addressing human mobility and local transmission ecology rather than focusing solely on high-risk villages or individual behaviors.
This study demonstrates that monitoring C-reactive protein (CRP) dynamics, specifically a day 3 threshold exceeding 106 mg/L or an increase between days 3 and 5, serves as an effective predictor for early surgical site infection detection and guides the optimization of antibiotic therapy.
The Georgia Public Health Laboratory developed and validated a highly accurate, sensitive, and specific ARTIC-based amplicon sequencing assay using a modified Illumina protocol and custom bioinformatics pipeline to enable near real-time whole-genome surveillance of circulating Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) strains.
This 18-year retrospective study of a tertiary care hospital in Southern India reveals that spotted fever cases are concentrated in specific districts, peak between September and March (with a January high), and predominantly affect children under 10 and housewives, underscoring the need for heightened clinical suspicion in these demographics and regions following the monsoon season.
This study reveals that antibiotic use among adults with productive coughs in Nairobi, Kenya, is widespread and largely empirical, driven by diverse seeking pathways including over-the-counter access and self-medication, which are significantly influenced by gender, income, and medical history, thereby highlighting an urgent need for stricter prescription enforcement and stewardship programs to combat antimicrobial resistance.
A 2024 seroprevalence study in Colombo, Sri Lanka, revealed that minimal chikungunya transmission occurred over the preceding 16 years, leaving a largely susceptible population with significantly higher immunity in urban areas driven by density and overcrowding, thereby highlighting the critical need for targeted vaccine strategies.
This paper applies queuing theory to estimate the force of infection (FOI) from multiplicity of infection (MOI) data in high-transmission *Plasmodium falciparum* populations, demonstrating through simulations and a study in Ghana that these methods can reliably detect significant reductions in transmission following interventions despite sparse sampling.
By integrating longitudinal viral load data from over 48,000 BA.2-infected patients with mechanistic viral dynamics modeling, this study quantifies the average 55% antiviral efficacy of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and reveals that treatment response is significantly modulated by host factors, showing enhanced effectiveness in vaccinated individuals and reduced efficacy in older adults.
This study of adolescents and adults in Blantyre, Malawi, demonstrates that analyzing quantitative interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) responses rather than binary results reveals critical age- and sex-specific variations in *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* immunoreactivity and transmission risks that are otherwise obscured, particularly highlighting the impact of HIV and the potential for refined public health strategies in high-burden settings.
This study analyzes Global Burden of Disease 2021 data to reveal that while early-onset Group B Streptococcus mortality in neonates has declined by nearly 50% globally since 1990, significant disparities persist with slower progress in low-development regions and a concentration of the relative burden among the poorest populations despite narrowing absolute gaps.
A test-negative study in Quebec involving nearly 50,000 older adults found that the 2024/25 KP.2 vaccine provided a meaningful but short-lived 34% overall effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization, with protection declining from 43% within eight weeks to negligible levels by 32 weeks post-vaccination.
In a retrospective matched cohort study of US insured adults during the 2024–2025 season, the mRNA-based vaccine mRNA-1273 demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 and hospitalization compared to the protein-based NVX-CoV2705 vaccine.
HHBayes is an open-source R package that provides a flexible Bayesian framework for simulating and analyzing household transmission dynamics, enabling researchers to model age-specific susceptibility, time-varying infectiousness via viral load data, and intervention effects using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods.
By applying ultra-sensitive molecular surveillance to dried blood spots from the 2019/20 Rwanda Demographics and Health Survey, researchers found that despite rising artemisinin resistance markers, national *Plasmodium falciparum* prevalence significantly decreased by 53% compared to 2014/15, with infection risk strongly linked to male sex, lower socioeconomic status, and lower elevation.
This study evaluated human exposure to *Anopheles* mosquito vectors in Grand Anse, Haiti, by quantifying IgG antibody responses to subgenus-specific salivary peptides, revealing significant age-related differences, associations with *Plasmodium* infection, and the utility of these biomarkers for characterizing vector exposure dynamics in low-transmission settings.
Myasthenia gravis patients, particularly those with thymoma, exhibit a significantly elevated risk of producing type I interferon autoantibodies, which in turn drastically increases their likelihood of developing life-threatening hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia.
During the severe 2024–2025 influenza season in the United States, vaccination significantly reduced the risk of influenza A-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes, including ICU admission and death, among adults.